The Function
constructor creates a new Function
object. Calling the constructor directly can create functions dynamically, but suffers from security and performance issues similar to eval
.
Every JavaScript function is actually a Function
object.
Syntax
new Function ([arg1[, arg2[, ...argN]],] functionBody)
Parameters
arg1, arg2, ... argN
- Names to be used by the function as formal argument names. Each must be a string that corresponds to a valid JavaScript identifier or a list of such strings separated with a comma; for example "
x
", "theValue
", or "a,b
". functionBody
- A string containing the JavaScript statements comprising the function definition.
Description
Function
objects created with the Function
constructor are parsed when the function is created. This is less efficient than declaring a function with a function expression or function statement and calling it within your code because such functions are parsed with the rest of the code.
All arguments passed to the function are treated as the names of the identifiers of the parameters in the function to be created, in the order in which they are passed.
Invoking the Function
constructor as a function (without using the new
operator) has the same effect as invoking it as a constructor.
Properties and Methods of Function
The global Function
object has no methods or properties of its own. However, since it is a function itself, it does inherit some methods and properties through the prototype chain from Function.prototype
.
Function
prototype object
Properties
Methods
Function
instances
Function
instances inherit methods and properties from Function.prototype
. As with all constructors, you can change the constructor's prototype object to make changes to all Function
instances.
Examples
Specifying arguments with the Function
constructor
The following code creates a Function
object that takes two arguments.
// Example can be run directly in your JavaScript console // Create a function that takes two arguments and returns the sum of those arguments var adder = new Function('a', 'b', 'return a + b'); // Call the function adder(2, 6); // > 8
The arguments "a
" and "b
" are formal argument names that are used in the function body, "return a + b
".
Difference between Function constructor and function declaration
Functions created with the Function
constructor do not create closures to their creation contexts; they always are created in the global scope. When running them, they will only be able to access their own local variables and global ones, not the ones from the scope in which the Function
constructor was called. This is different from using eval
with code for a function expression.
var x = 10; function createFunction1() { var x = 20; return new Function('return x;'); // this |x| refers global |x| } function createFunction2() { var x = 20; function f() { return x; // this |x| refers local |x| above } return f; } var f1 = createFunction1(); console.log(f1()); // 10 var f2 = createFunction2(); console.log(f2()); // 20
Specifications
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
ECMAScript 1st Edition (ECMA-262) | Standard | Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.0. |
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262) The definition of 'Function' in that specification. |
Standard | |
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) The definition of 'Function' in that specification. |
Standard | |
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262) The definition of 'Function' in that specification. |
Living Standard |
Browser compatibility
Feature | Chrome | Edge | Firefox | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
arguments | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
arity | No | No | No | No | No | No |
caller | Yes | Yes | 1 | 8 | Yes | Yes |
displayName | ? | ? | 13 | ? | ? | ? |
length | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
name | 15 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
prototype | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
apply | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
bind | 7 | Yes | 4 | 9 | 11.6 | 5.1 |
call | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
isGenerator | No | No | 5 — 58 | No | No | No |
toSource | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
toString | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Feature | Android webview | Chrome for Android | Edge mobile | Firefox for Android | IE mobile | Opera Android | iOS Safari |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
arguments | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
arity | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
caller | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
displayName | ? | ? | ? | 14 | ? | ? | ? |
length | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
name | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
prototype | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
apply | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
bind | 4 | 1 | Yes | 4 | Yes | 11.5 | 6 |
call | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
isGenerator | No | No | No | 5 — 58 | No | No | No |
toSource | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
toString | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |